Which style is described as heavy and imposing, often using rough, unfinished concrete?

The style characterized as heavy and imposing, frequently utilizing rough, unfinished concrete, is Brutalism. This architectural movement emerged in the mid-20th century and is noted for its stark, rugged aesthetics, which often emphasize structural elements and materials in their raw state. Brutalist buildings are typically massive in scale, featuring bold geometric forms and a fortress-like appearance, which creates a powerful visual impact.

The use of concrete is fundamental to Brutalism; its rough textural qualities and sculptural potential allow architects to create buildings that are both expressive and functional. The unfinished surfaces often reflect the structure’s inherent strength and durability. Iconic examples of Brutalist architecture can be found in various urban settings, where the style aims to create a sense of community through monumental public spaces. The honesty of materials and a focus on functionality are core principles of this architectural approach.