Which historical events are memorialized by the stars on the Chicago flag?

The stars on the Chicago flag commemorate significant historical events in the city's development, specifically the Great Chicago Fire and two World's Fairs. The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was a pivotal disaster that shaped the city’s architectural landscape and policy reforms following its aftermath. This event is symbolized by the first star on the flag.

The second and third stars represent the two World's Fairs held in Chicago: the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, which showcased the city's recovery and innovation, and the Century of Progress International Exposition in 1933-1934, which highlighted advancements in technology and urban development during a time of economic hardship. Each of these historical moments reflects Chicago's resilience, cultural evolution, and ambition, making the choice to include them on the flag meaningful in representing the city's identity and legacy.