Which architect developed the concept of "form follows function"?

The phrase "form follows function" is attributed to Louis Sullivan, an influential figure in the development of modern architecture. Sullivan argued that the design of a building should reflect its intended purpose, asserting that the aesthetic quality of a structure should emerge from its functional requirements. This approach marked a significant departure from traditional architectural ideals that emphasized ornamentation and historical styles.

In Sullivan's view, the functional needs of a building dictate its form, which resulted in a more streamlined and practical aesthetic. This principle was especially evident in his work on skyscrapers, where he emphasized verticality and clarity of structure. The idea has resonated throughout the 20th century, influencing various movements in architecture, including modernism.

While other architects mentioned also contributed significantly to architectural thought, their focuses differed. Frank Lloyd Wright expanded on Sullivan’s principles but introduced concepts like organic architecture. Le Corbusier emphasized urban planning and standardized design in his "five points towards a new architecture." Walter Gropius was known for the Bauhaus movement and his integration of art and crafts but did not coin the phrase "form follows function." Thus, Louis Sullivan remains the key figure associated with this foundational architectural concept.