What does the term "brutalism" refer to in architectural design?

The term "brutalism" in architectural design specifically refers to a style characterized by the use of raw concrete and bold, geometric forms. This movement emerged in the mid-20th century and is known for its emphasis on materials and structural elements that are left exposed, showcasing the raw, unrefined nature of the concrete. The aesthetic of brutalism often evokes a sense of strength and solidity, with designs that prioritize function and form over ornamentation.

The choice representing glass and steel buildings aligns more closely with modernist architecture, which tends to emphasize sleek lines and transparency, rather than the raw, textured appearance characteristic of brutalism. Organic structures focus on harmony with nature and often incorporate flowing, non-linear forms, which diverge from the more rigid and monumental characteristics of brutalist design. Aesthetic minimalism prioritizes simplicity and the reduction of elements, which contrasts with brutalism's bold forms and heavy materials that demand a strong visual presence.